Coeliac disease - clinical fact sheet and MCQ
Overview
Coeliac disease is a chronic, immune-mediated enteropathy precipitated by the ingestion of gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. It primarily affects the small intestine and is driven by an inappropriate immune response to gluten peptides, particularly gliadin, found in wheat, barley, and rye. The condition affects approximately 1% of the global population, although underdiagnosis remains a significant issue due to variable and often non-specific clinical manifestations.
Untreated coeliac disease can lead to intestinal damage from villous atrophy, nutrient malabsorption, anaemia, osteoporosis, infertility, and increased risk of intestinal lymphoma. Early diagnosis and adherence to a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) are essential to reduce complications and improve quality of life.
Diagnosis of coeliac disease
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