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Crystal Smith

Crystal Smith RN, BN, GradCert(CritCareNurs), GradCert(ChnNurs), M.Ed, has been working in clinical and tertiary settings for over 15 years. She has experience in adult and paediatric critical care.

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Perioperative Anaphylaxis

Crystal Smith

Once anaphylaxis has been identified, immediate treatment is required to stop the allergic cascade from producing histamines, prostaglandins and cytokines, and manage the effects of these agents. Management will include immediate treatment, refractory management and post crisis management.

5 mins READ
Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA)

Crystal Smith

Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) has become an increasingly popular choice for anaesthesia, as alternatives to volatile agents. Surgical technique advancements and increasing utilisation of day hospital centres have created an environment where minimal downtime after general anaesthesia is highly desirable.

Blended Learning in Resuscitation: Combining Online Learning with Practical Hands-On Training

Crystal Smith

The increasing use of technology and move into online learning options has expanded the options for delivering education, including resuscitation education. Theory can now be delivered in high quality and engaging modes, and allow educators to focus on the practical skills that are necessary in resuscitation.

4 mins READ
Central Capillary Refill Time in Paediatrics

Crystal Smith

One of the most important assessment tools in rapid paediatric assessment is the central capillary refill time (CRT). It is quick, easy to perform and does not require any special equipment.

5 mins READ
Mobile Stroke Unit Success in Melbourne

Crystal Smith

The opportunity to reduce time to thrombolysis or EVT has significantly reduced the risk of disability for patients who were were able to access the MSU, and improved transfer times to appropriate EVT hospital centres.

3 mins READ
Food Allergies and Current Infant Feeding Guidelines in Australia

Crystal Smith

Australia saw a five fold increase in hospitalisation with anaphylaxis between 1995 and 2005, which sadly also saw an increase in the number of fatalities from anaphylaxis. The new infant feeding guidelines have had very positive results, with many parents and healthcare professionals embracing the change.

4 mins READ
Ventilation and Compressions Ratios in Paediatric Resuscitation

Crystal Smith

2020 ILCOR guidelines emphasise the importance of higher ventilations in paediatric resuscitation. This reflects the higher oxygen requirements of children which is evident in their higher baseline respiratory rate.

3 mins READ
Preoperative Assessment and Mallampati Scores

Crystal Smith

The Mallampati Score or Classification is a simple and easy to use tool that assists in predicting difficult endotracheal intubation.

3 mins READ
Adult Basic Life Support during COVID-19

Crystal Smith

Many healthcare processes have been re-evaluated in light of the current COVID-19 pandemic.

2 mins READ
Paediatric Advanced Life Support Standards

Crystal Smith

In order to achieve these standards, it is essential that medical and nursing staff who work with paediatric patients receive specialised education to manage a paediatric cardiopulmonary arrest.

3 mins READ
Medication Spotlight: Paracetamol

Crystal Smith

A frequently used medication in community and hospital settings is paracetamol (named acetaminophen in some countries). It has less adverse effects than other analgesics, as it has no effect on platelet functioning and allergies are very rare.

4 mins READ
Stop Before You Block: A Block Time-Out

Crystal Smith

The Stop Before You Block (SB4YB) initiative is a patient safety campaign designed to help reduce the risk of inadvertent wrong-sided anaesthetic blocks.

3 mins READ
Standardising Emergency Numbers: The Push for 2222

Crystal Smith

The move to standardise emergency numbers within hospitals, to make them similar to the standardised emergency numbers that are utilised in the community setting, is gaining momentum.

3 mins READ
Pre-hospital Management of Drowning Events

Crystal Smith

As summer approaches, drowning events across Australia will be more prevalent. Healthcare professionals can assist in the community during these stressful emergencies, and use their skills to help manage drowning events.

3 mins READ
Resuscitation trolley checking: Making it a priority

Crystal Smith

Who checks the resuscitation or emergency trolley in your workplace? It’s easy to find guidelines about what items to include on the trolley, depending on your clinical environment. What’s not as easy is how to ensure that staff prioritise completing the checks, especially when you consider the ever-expanding lists of tasks that must be performed.

2 mins READ
Australia: Why are we the allergy capital of the world?

Crystal Smith

The increasing rates of food allergies has been alarming over the past 30 years in Western countries. So, is there a genuine rise in allergies, or just better awareness?

3 mins READ
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